Intel began working with Prof Hawking after he wrote a letter to its co-founder Gordon Moore in 2011
An American scientist is to unveil details of work on the brain patterns of Prof Stephen Hawking which he says could help safeguard the physicist’s ability to communicate.
Prof Philip Low said he eventually hoped to allow Prof Hawking to
“write” words with his brain as an alternative to his current speech
system which interprets cheek muscle movements.
Prof Low said the innovation would avert the risk of locked-in syndrome.
Intel is working on an alternative.
Prof Hawking was diagnosed with motor neurone disease in 1963. In the
1980s he was able to use slight thumb movements to move a computer
cursor to write sentences.
His condition later worsened and he had to switch to a system which
detects movements in his right cheek through an infrared sensor attached
to his glasses which measures changes in light.
Because the nerves in his face continue to deteriorate his rate of speech has slowed to about one word a minute prompting him to look for an alternative.
The fear is that Prof Hawking could ultimately lose the ability to communicate by body movement, leaving his brain effectively “locked in” his body.
In 2011, he allowed Prof Low to scan his brain using the iBrain
device developed by the Silicon Valley-based start-up Neurovigil.
Prof Hawking will not attend the consciousness conference in his home
town of Cambridge where Prof Low intends to discuss his findings, but a
spokesman told the BBC: “Professor Hawking is always interested in
supporting research into new technologies to help him communicate.”
Decoding brainwaves
The iBrain is a headset that records brain waves through EEG
(electroencephalograph) readings – electrical activity recorded from the
user’s scalp.
Prof Low said he had designed computer software which could analyse
the data and detect high frequency signals that had previously been
thought lost because of the skull.”
An analogy would be that as you walk away from a concert hall where
there’s music from a range of instruments,” he told the BBC.”As you go
further away you will stop hearing high frequency elements like the
violin and viola, but still hear the trombone and the cello. Well, the
further you are away from the brain the more you lose the high frequency
patterns.
The iBrain devic collects EEG data which it transfers to a computer
“What we have done is found them and teased them back using the algorithm so they can be used.”
Prof Low said that when Prof Hawking had thought about moving his
limbs this had produced a signal which could be detected once his
algorithm had been applied to the EEG data.
He said this could act as an “on-off switch” and produce speech if a
bridge was built to a similar system already used by the cheek detection
system.
Prof Low said further work needed to be done to see if his equipment
could distinguish different types of thoughts – such as imagining moving
a left hand and a right leg.
If it turns out that this is the case he said Prof Hawking could use
different combinations to create different types of virtual gestures,
speeding up the rate he could select words at.
To establish whether this is the case, Prof Low plans trials with other patients in the US.
Intel’s effort
The US chipmaker Intel announced, in January, that it had also
started work to create a new communication system for Prof Hawking after
he had asked the firm’s co-founder, Gordon Moore, if it could help him.
It is attempting to develop new 3D facial gesture recognition software to speed up the rate at which Prof Hawking can write.
“These gestures will control a new user interface that takes
advantage of the multi-gesture vocabulary and advances in word
prediction technologies,” a spokeswoman told the BBC.
“We are working closely with Professor Hawking to understand his needs and design the system accordingly.”
Source:http://www.techpark.net
No comments:
Post a Comment