The density of transistors in a single chip will double every 18 months predicted Intel founder Gordon Moore, a statement that is now famously referred to as Moore's Law.
While the central processor has kept up with Moore's law, the graphics chip has outpaced it drastically. Today billions of transistors sit on a tiny chip attempting to render high-quality cinema-like visuals to users of handhelds, HDTV's, PCs & gaming consoles.
The process of putting millions and billions of transistors together logically on a tiny chip is known as VLSI or Very Large Scale Integration.
The industry has progressed in the last 35 years from SSI (Small) to MSI (Medium) to LSI (Large) to its current stage of VLSI, where the technology is advancing towards nanometer designs.
Big opportunity
VLSI design is a big opportunity for Indian engineers looking at contributing to world-class `intellectual property' development. Students with a strong electronics background and an engineering degree either in electronics, computer science, electrical, IT, instrumentation etc. are eligible for a career in VLSI.
Students armed with either of these degrees, can then pursue a PG program in VLSI engineering or microelectronics or a diploma in VLSI logic design, physical design or embedded systems design. If electronics students are good in programming with strong mathematical and analytical background, they will be well suited to join embedded system design. Students with a similar background, but with an interest in design and verification can opt for VLSI design. They can either focus on logic design or verification (front-end) or physical design (back-end).
Huge demand
VLSI designers are in huge demand to develop FPGA implementations, ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) and SoCs (System-on-chip).
To decide on which VLSI course is most suitable, a student needs to consider multiple factors. He needs to check out the institute offering the course thoroughly. Some of the things he needs to consider are: alumni references, history of the institute, involvement of the industry in the course, quality of lab experiments, coverage of labs, extent of lab practice, complexity of live projects, expert use of sign-off tools, work environment and hardware infrastructure, academic excellence etc.
Some of the institutes a student will want to check out are IITs, industry and university participated institutes like VEDA IIT, NITs and IIITs (for MS programs) etc.
Starting salary
As a fresher/ASIC engineer trainee, the starting salary a B. Tech student can expect would range from Rs. 15,000 to 25,000 a month. PG students could look forward to Rs. 20,000 to 40,000 per month. Salaries keep pace with experience and within three years, deserving VLSI professionals are known to earn INR 50,000 to INR 1, 00,000 per month.
VLSI design is an extremely challenging job. Since it is also a very creative job, most people who don't want to get stuck in routine software jobs, opt for this career. VLSI is also the fastest changing technology area and it constantly throws up opportunities.
The most rewarding aspect of a career in VLSI design is, however, the sense of ownership of what is developed. The ability of getting patents and the scope available for applied research and publication make VLSI and ASIC design a dream career for many engineers.